Gardner l



Aug. 28, 1923.

R. E. L. JANNEY CARBURETOR Filed May 1920 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 ,jinucuto't Aug. 28, 1923.

June tot Patented Aug. 28, 1923.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ROBERT E. L. JANNEY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS; GARDNER L. BOO'IHE EXECUTOR OF SAID ROBERT E. L. JANNEY, DECEASED.

CARBURETOR.

Application filed May '1, 1920.

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, Roman: E. L. JANNEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, county of Cook, State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carburetors, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to carburetors, more especially designed for use in connection with internal combustion engines, and has for its objects to provide certain improvements in the construction disclosed in appli cation for Letters Patent, filed by me November 21, 1914, Serial No. 873,301, and in Letters Patent No. 1,342,445, granted to me June 8, 1920, of which this application is a continuation in part.

One object of my invention is to maintain practically a constant speed of air at all times at the Joint of its admission into the mixing chani er, the air being admitted in thin annular sheets, one surrounding another, thus exposing a large surface area of air to the action of the fuel. A further objcct is to introduce the component parts of the mixture into the mixing chamber by a series of Venturi tubes, one emptying into the other, said tubes providing intervening mixing spaces, which tend to draw the fuel from the center to the outer layers of air. Other objects of my invention are to control the component parts of the fuel before their admission to the mixing chamber, by posi-' tively operated valves; to eliminate all pockets and obstructions to the free flow of the mixture from the mixing chamber; to expose the fuel to a preliminary breaking up process before its admission to the mixing chamber; to cause the surplus fuel to drain directly into the path of the incoming air: to eliminate all butterfl and spring; cont-rolled admission valves; to provide a predetermined amount of air to the fuel supply tube to assist in breaking up the fuel as it passes from said tube to its outlets; to provide for heating the fuel at a point between the float chamber and the jet, and to regulate the flow of fuel by mechanical variations between the valves.

These objects I accomplish in the manner and by the means hereinafter described-and claimed, reference being hadto the accompanyingdrawings. in which Figure 1 is a central vertical sectional view of a carburetor embodying my im- Sel'ial No. 379,537.

proved construction, the parts being shown n position to maintain a low speed in the internal combustion engine.

Figure 2 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line II-II of Figure 3.

Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 1, taken at a right angle thereto, part of the internal construction being shown in full lines.

Figure at is adetail vertical sectional view of a slightly modified construction of the fuel supply control mechanism.

Similar numerals of reference denote corresponding parts in the several views.

In the said drawings, referring more particularly to Figures 1, 2 and 3, the reference numeral 1 denotes the mixing chamber of the carburetor, the same being Shown slightly tapered at its upper portion and adapted to be connected with the usual manifold of an internal combustion engine. Said chamber 1 is dctachably attached at its lower end to a casing 2; which has attached thereto at one side the usual lloat chamber 3, the latter, as shown in Figure 1, containing a conventional float 4. The bottom of the chamber 3 is provided with a fuel discharge aperture 5, leading into an enlargement of a fuel passage 7, said enlargement containing a, conventional electric coil 7 for subjecting the fuel to a heating action, said coil being controllcdby the usual rheostat, in a manner readily understood. The passage T communicates with an annular chamher 8, formed in the casing 2, and also connecting said chamber 8 directly with the chamber 3 is a supplemental passage 9, for a purpose hereinafter to be described. The chamber 8 is formed between the wall of the casing 2 and an interior tube 10, permanently located thcrcin, said tube being slightly tapered at. its upper end at 11 and fitted within an exterior tubular casing 12 spaced su'fliciently from said tube to pro- Vide an annular feul passage communicating with the chamber 8. Formed integral with an annular cap 13 attached to the top of the tubular casing 12 is an inverted cone 14 provided annularly with a series of minute perforations 15 providing passages therethrough for the mixed air and fuel as hereinafter described. Disposed within the tube 10 and longitudinally adjustable therein is a stem 16 tapered at its upper end to form a needle valve 17 and enlarged at its lower portion to fit within the tube 8 and also within the casing 2 as shown. Said stem is adapted removably to receive at its lower end'a plug 18 having a vertical passage therethrough communicating with an interior passage 19 in said stem extending part way up the same and terminated in lateral apertures 20 communicating with an annular space between said stem and the sleeve 10, as shown.

In. order to guide the spaced end of the stem lG inthe sleeve 10, I provide a series of ribs 21 on said stem contacting with the interior of said sleeve 10, but permitting the free passageof air theroaround. As shown, the. upperneedle valve end 17 of the stem 16 [its in, a correspondingly shaped aperture 22 in the-tubular casing 12, which just beyond the upper end of said needle valve expands into a chamber 23, the sameboing approximately in the form of a Venturi tube, and communicating with the aperture." 15, said chamber 'efi'ecting a preliminary breaking up of the fuelbefore it reaches the main airsupply. The lower end of the stem 16 is in screw-threaded engagement. with a plate 24, a suitable spring arm 95 being fixed to said plate and engaging a serrated flange 26 on said stem 16 whereby said stem may be adjusted vertically with respect to said plate 24, and retained in any adjusted position. The plate l t extends to one side, and has screwed in an aperture therein an adjusting screw 27 recessed at its upper end to receive a coiled spring 28 with which loosely engages a link 29. Said screw 27 is internally apertured at 30 to receive a bolt 31 in screw-threaded engagement with a bracket 32 supported from the casing 2;, a coiled spring 33 being interposed between said screw 27 and bracket 32, and a spring arm 34, similar-to the spring arm 25. is'carried by said bracket 32 and adapted to cn-i gage a serrated flange 35 on said screw bolt 31, all for a purpose hereinafter to be (le scribed. Similarly a spring 3 1 on the plate 21 engages a serrated flange 35 on the-screw 27 andfor a similar purpose. The upper end of the link 29 is pivoted to a hell crank lever 36, in turn pivoted at 37 in the casing 2, the upper end ofsaid bell crank being adapted to be operated in any suitable manner, as from the dash of anautornobile for controlling my improved mechanism hereinafter described. The inner end of said bell crank lever 36 is' bifurcated and adaptedto engage trunnions 38 formed on a sleeve 39, which has fixed to its upper end. a sleeve valve 40 surrounding the tubular cas ing 12, and vertically movable thereon. Said sleeve valvetits within a central conical aperture formed in a casting 41, which is permanently held between the mixing chamber 1 and the casing 2 by means of a rznsi' 42 clampcd'therebetwcen, a pin or pins passing through said ring and into said casting for retaining the *two parts together when the several elements are assembled. As shown in Figure 1, the interior of the casting 41 is conical at at and its angle corresponds exactly with the exterior surface of the valve 4.0, as shown. The sleeve 39 is provided with an exterior shoulder upon which rests a coiled spring 45, the upper end of which engages a corresponding interior shoulder in a sleeve l6 surroundiig the sleeve 39, said sleeve 16 having fixed thereto arms l7, which are in turn fixed to an annular conical valve t8, disposed in themixing chamber 1 and having its exterior sur' face formed at the same angleas the interior surface of said chamber 1, as shown. Disposed in screw-threaded engagement with an enlargement 49 on one of the arms 47 is a threaded rod50 passing freely through the lower end of the casing 2 and provided with an operating thumb aiece 53. The upper endof this rod-50is a pted to contact with the casting d1, being disposed in a recess 5% formed therein. The rotary movement of said rod 50 is controlled by a serrated flange with which engages a spring 56 carried by the arm e7. Mounted in screwthreaded engagement with the sleeve 16 near its lower end is a stop ring 5'7, the same being serrated on its exterior surface to receive a spring 58 for preventing accidental rotation, but adapted to be adjusted vertically on said sleeve 46, for a purpose hereinafter to be described. Mounted in the casing 2 is a threaded stop screw 59 adapted to contact with a projection 60 on the bell crank lever 36 adjustably to limit the move ment ofthe lever to the right Mounted on a bracket 61 carried by an extension from the casing 2 is a bell. crank lever 61, the same having pivoted thereto at its inner end a pin'62 adapted to contact with the plate 514:, a suitable operating cord 63 being attached to the opposite end of said bell crank lever 61', so that the pull on said cord will depress the plate 24 and consequently the needle valve 17.

The operation of my improved device will be understood as follows: With the parts in the position shown in Figures 1 and 3, it will he observedthat the valves 40 and t8 are slightly open, their position being gov erned by the adjustment of the rod 50 for the valve 48 and the screw 59 for the valve 4-0, it being understood that the spring 45 normally presses the valve 48 towards its uppermost position, which movement is i111.- ited by the adjusted engagement of the rod 50 with the casing 41. In a similar manner, the upward movement of the valve 40 is governed positively by the bell crank lever 36 whose movement towards the closed position otsaid valve is adjust-ably limited by the set screw 59. With said valves in this position, the needle valve 17 being properly adjusted to afford a alight annular opening at the passage 22:3 and Ila-i1- ining a space between said valve and the e: eve l l. there will he a constant supply of air upward through the plug 18, and around the stem 16, while the eonatant supply of fuel will be afforded through the passages 5 and T, the fuel being heated by the eleetrir ('oil 7'. and passing into the chamber and theme upwardly around the sleeve 10 to the needle valve. There being no butterfly a'tllit in the mixing rhzimher I. the full r-aution ot the engine will he exerted thre -ti upon the apertures 15 in the rone H. tho mowing a flow of mixed fuel and air int the small mixing chamber 2. 5. the air lltillf] sutlleient, in quantity only to serve to (that a preliminary breaking up of the fuel. it tvili he understood that as the plugil'l is removable, the same may he replaeeri a similar plug with a larger or Hititl aperture therein, if desired. to vary the ouantity of air admitted at this point to thrrarlmretol. The apertures 15 lining: eqnitlhant from the aperture the mixed for and air thus preliminarily hroltei'i up. wgually through all of said lljf-tlllil'tfl i i into the venturi formed in the mating ii, the rliamher 23 and the cone 14; being of with shape as to guide the mixture diret-t to said anew tures 15, thus avoiding the formation of pockets. The mixture there is: met by the ineoming additional air passing around the, slightly open sileeve valve this mixture disrharging into the n'iiitir rhuinia r E and in its passage therethr l m ng met liy additional air passing ltt'i the slightly open exterior shove it it Asannmn:

this to he a supply Stillll'liffli go permit the internal roinhuatiou en iae to operate, when it is desired to int-ream edi lilti'i upper end of the hell (rank lever ill moved to the left, which causes the linli [il to rontnet with the spring and aa salt! fnrlit s of equal tension with the lower n-inn a further movement will cause the plate all to he forced downward, carrying with it the stem 16 and its needle valve 7. thus; increasing the opening at wliei'ehv the supply of fuel tljlef'ethrouyh will lit iii-"rennet! propon tionately, "while at the name time the downward movement of the inner end of the hell crank lever 36, through the l'runnions 38 will force down the sleeve :51), carrying with it the inner valve 40, thus increasing the annular air opening; at that point and afi'ording a proportionately additional air supply to meet the l'l'llf'ililtt't discharging through the apertures 15. :1 further morement of the upper end o the hell era lever 36 to the left will depress the neenle valve 17 and the sleeve valve to still fur ther, thus further inereaaiog he area of both openings, and if this; :neiesnent is on?- tied far enough the trunnions 38 will eontaet with the ring 5? on the sleeve 46, and further movement thereof will depress said sleeve. whieh through the arms 47. will carry with it the exterior annular valve 48, thus further opening said valve. The plate 24 may be depressed in this manner until the top of the adjusting screw bolt Ill eontaets: with the top of the recess 30 in ad justing eerew 27, which thus limits the max' imum downward movement of the plate 24. It will thus be seen that the screw bolt 31 eontroh the iniixilsunn opening of the needle valve, and by adjusting the arrow 27 vertir'all in the plate 24, the relation ol'fihe spring .zh to the linlt 25.? may he varied so as to vi the time of the initial contact time of". ting an intermediate adjustment, Similarly the low ])U(ril adjustment oi" the i'leviee lb; controlled by the vertical dispo sition of the stem '16 and needle valve 17, \Villl'l] may he varied at will through its arrow-threatled engagement with the plate 24. Similarly liyl'i'tnylllg' the relative strength of the springs and 53. a rariatien in ii": time of the opening in the needle t alve it ill Ia ell'ertetli Thus. by making the r Eng 33 slightly stronger than the spriu Lo the opening of the ialve will he delayed i \vherean by reversing the relative strengths of these springs, the opening 0f said YtllVG will he nt'velerate l. Under this; latter eondition it will aim be observed that when the nee-lie valve 1? is opened to its limit. with the elements it? and Eli rontaetiug. the sleeve valves "it? an l 48 the; he opened still for that o eugipl v additi nal air. by further nimeinent of the hell tyrant: Si l the yield of the spring 2H permitting: this :uhlitional movement.

lvhen the lev l iii the float rhainlier 3 falls below the 5), the suction of the engine will he satisfied by air passing through said 9, thus cutting of? the fuel supply ntoji ping the engine and cutting oil" the elet-trie eorrent.

By adjusting the stem 50 vertically, the upward limit of the movement of the outer valve 49 may he (ltlitlilllnfltl as accurately as may he deeirerl, wl'iile by an adlESlIRfiflt of the ring it? on the new 46 the time of mother therewith of the trunnions may be determined with extreme accuracy. So also by adjusting the set serew 59 the outward limit. of movement of the inner end of the bell crank lever 36, and with it the upward or closing movement ofthe inner annular valve 40 may be determined with ensures In order to prhvicle for pritnin the rarhuretor, I employ the hell crank 61" which upon being actuated will, through the pin 62, depress the plate 24, thus increasing the fuel supply through the aperture 22 as may be desired.

In Figure 4 l have shown a modified eonthe i h ring: t'mitruiiml by tlw \tliltiii mt'ivemvnt i vmid stem Ci, upm'uteti the stunt it (it: Figure 1, thr iiigli the rt-Htricted m wnttiri npiuing GT intu the twiiiilltiillg t'hamhm' 3 tiitifl iwing :i singh- Rt'HUiPtG i igeiitt'zii tiit iiiltttf '1 U9 thti'ot'mn 'ilitit dist-barge is itiiu the Ventiu-i fnrmvtl in the misting 4t 15f the mnstrui-timi s limm in Fi rm'vs t 2 anti =5. Htnivt'tlh tlw (0119 it may htsubstituted [in the itiwhzitgttiit ii liQHiilHi.

By imming thu \vnii of tilt" mixing chainbe! 2 puriev'll straight and hy disposing the min? xztiw HR Shmvn. :i tmi'tst iit sup pi v 0i .1? is titill'iiilii within ti mixin vhamhi'r in :1. thin jet-hit? shttt \Viitiii': sWtT-vps thv t'riiight', imivi' Willi (if the liiixiii timmimr: thus exposing: a larger siirt'izm arm, of air tz'm'vling at high veim-ity tn art on the fucii Furthennm-t-i any fut-i whith may lodge an the Wail iii the mixing i-hamht 'r wiii (train diret'tiy int0 the path 4?]? iiiiri 11991 0? air and than wiii I10 twilight up and atnmizmi. There being nu curves whute-wr in the Wttii of the Phmnher 1 any mirage-i of ptKiit'tS for the collection nf F1101 is :n-uitiwi in :1 must thomiigh marmm. it will he UHtii'ZfiiOOti that the nnrmzsl oprmiri g of fit who 1%, when in its uppemnnst: pmiitim ii erihenmiy flight. thmigh it is itfiii'flir'ii that theraho a wry minute passage Hi my therethmngh at iii times. The same tiiii t is ohtainvd in the P tinge through the r: ing -1-1. tint? in the slight nm'mai aim-min iii the min it its any thrivn flaw (if fmrl iliiiiijr the intttine'i \"diiS of this parisage wiii Ht caught up by the film Of air passing it? Wartiiy past said valve. Furthcrmmu my fuei tlepusiiing m t-miih nsing upnn the mm 14 will tiuw iiHWH {1 Hit the ()Plfiillg'f-i iii tillii he taught up by tin: air ini'z't iit in opening llnti curried upi'iar i. The i- 50 FEHIHPIi. with m -=-t to the wire i i its unwi- (rise tillflttifi Slightly mzsith at the 'ilif'St tiiumett'r (if 5.1M (tore Ft) that t passage uf :iir past the sumo Cflfitiitg tin-tinny the min "It! wilt cause a slight wit-mm: "ti this point theft-by aiding: the [iv-6' vi the mi}x ture thy '7h the npm'ture s 15, in a mannw i'eadiiy iiiith istumi. This has the t'if i'ti' t throwing the mixtnrcaway tram t A Wiiii beyond i34 awnings t5, and projecting tin fuel ifiilitiiy and symmetrically into tiw tifllJE 0 incmning air at an angle thnretti.

The vastium produced in the intake mini" fold of internal t'mnlfmstitm engine erally is rPguiuted by a controlling: \viive pisu'ed in the csrburetmf btl'tlwtfl Rtlili Hsfillifold and the mixing chamber. Under thew conditions the tuii vfi'ec-t of the viicuvni is adtiw itii'firlt fll vhnm wr 921 i (if the futl ii that tliti'itii viit ct; (if iii? vamtum ii iiifiiii tn the mixing vimmnei and the? iptyi iiy hwingz thw- ViliWES immetiimoi in Hi'ifflfltt at the m .zing rhar her the air rntw Siliti mixing chamber at highwt zapee'ti. Fm"thvt'mui-i: these valves are iu'rstligm in ilt'Yt i! il Zlitiiiifi (H /Ct, and their tipt'niiw illipijf @nim'gti-ii; H151 urea. tl-f t!" ii flu-tit changing its -hamnter. iiw liiiiiial WHY: a] up; being ml in ii-: maxing Qhm'niier, the mixture f Ni in tilt ilirm' timi (if this vacuum 7 "3 -2 nitivti, Iit'iwm 4-2 lit-trangement shown, I obtain a circulation of fuel so that the hottest part of it will be contained'in the chamber 8 leading to the jet and directly below the same. The fuel in the float chamber should not be heated at all, that is, practically not at all.

he vertical disposition of the interior passage 19 in the needle valve stem 16 provides a very etlicient means for keeping said passageway-open at all times,,-it being evident that part of the fuel which may collect in the chamber 23 will when the engine is stopped pass down around the needle valve and through the lateral apertures 20 into the interior passage 19, and will discharge through the aperture in the plug 18, thus serving at all times to keep the said passage way free from any collection of dust, dirt, or other foreign matter. This is important, as the opening through the plug 18 is quite restricted, the supply of air at this point being sulficient only to serve for a preliminary breaking up of the fuel in the chamber 23. I

Having thus described myinvention, what claim as new and desire to sccure by Let ters Patent, is

1. In a carburetor, a mixing chamber, a fuel supply means, inner and outer air supply means, inner and outer valves controlling said air supply means and placed in advance of the mixing chamber, and mechanical means for operating saidvalves, said means operating to open said outer valve afte'i' said inner valve is opened, and to close said outer valve before said inner valve is closed.

2. In a carburetor, a primary mixing chamber, a fiiel supply means therefor, an air supply means ,therefor, a sleeve valve surrounding said chamber, a main mixing chamber receiving the mixture from said primary chamber and an additional sleeve valve controlling a'supplemental annular air supply passage admitting air to said main mixing chamber.

3. In a carburetor, a fuel supply means, an air supply means, a sleeve val *c sur rounding the discharge outlets of s id fuel and air supply means, a chamber receiving air and fuel from said supply means, an additional sleeve valve controlling a supple.- mental annular ing said chamber, and a common means for successively operating saidslecvc valves.

4. In a carburetor, a fuel supply means, an air admitting means, a mixing chamber having a discharge outlet for mixed fuel and air, an air supply means surrounding said discharge outlet, a secondary mixing chamber with Which said air supply means communicates, a supplemental air supply means surrounding said secondary mixing chamber sleeve valves controlling the said air supply means, a common means for operair supply means surround-i valves, a n d adjustable ating said slccvc successive operation means whereby the thereof may be varied.

5. in a carburetor. a fuel supply means, inner and outer annular air supply means, valves controlling said air supply means, and a mixing chamber receiving fuel from said fuel supply n'ieans having its wall tapered in a straight line to its discharge outlet, the outer air supply discharging annularly into said chamber along its wall.

6. In a carburetor, a primar d mixing chamber, a fuel supply means therefor, and an. inverted cone Forming the top of said chamber, the connection betwccn said chant her and cone being, provided with an annular series of small apcrturcs for discharging outwardly and angularly therefrom.

i. In a carburetor, a primary mixing chamber, a fuel supply means therefor, an inverted cone forming the top of said chamber, the connection between said chamber and cone being provided with an annular series of small apertures for discharging out ardly and angularly thcrefrom, an air supply surrounding said chamber, and a sleeve valve for controlling said air supply.

8. In a carburetor, a primary mixing chamber, a fuel supply means therefor, and an inverted cone forming the top of said chamber, the connection between said chamber and cone being provided with an annular series of small apertures for discharging outwardly and singularly therefrom, the outer wall of said chamber adjacent said apertures lying outside the latter and being incline-d downwardly and inwardly towards said apertures.

9. In a carburetor, a primary mixing chamber, a fuel supply means therefor, an inverted cone forming the top of said chamber, the connection between said chamber and cone being provided with an annular series of small apertures for discharging outwardly and angularly therefrom, a. casting surrounding said chamber and provided with a central tapered straight Walled orifice spaced from the outer Wall of said chamber into which the fuel discharges, and a sleeve valve. in said orifice in advance of said discharge for controllably admitting air in a thin annular sheet.

10. In a carburetor, a fuel supply means, a primary air supply means therefor, inner and outer air supply means, valves contr0lling said inner and outer air supply means, a needle valve for controlling said fuel supply, and a common control for said needle and air valves.

11. In a carburetor, a fuel supply means, a primary air supply means of fixed area therefor, inner and outer secondary air sup ply means, valves controlling said inner and outer supply means, a needle valve for controlling said fuel supply, and a common control for fiwfilll noodle and air valves, the same operating in pan and close said needle and innc-r air valves siniullaneouslv and lo opvn said outer v. 0 aftrr said innnr vulva opened, and to (lose raid outer valve before Slllll inner valve is clown].

1: in a oarliurvtor, a fuel supply moan inner and nun-r air supply manna, vain runtrolling bairi inn?! and outer air supplies. anal a spring iiitcrpoaml 110i wean stair valvvs 21ml vxiertiiigz ii iiFllHlitH on said oulvr valutmvarils iiw i'li' l nmiiiun anti on said innur \'2ll\'l towards iL open posilion.

13. in Lklll'illl'kiul, a fuel supply means. inner and omrr air mil 1llf means, *alws mntrolling Hilill inim' and uutur air Slli'blllifrj. a spring ixil'mi-rposvil lJQiWPQI]. said valves and exerting its lcnaion on said outer 'alve towards its rloawl position and on sa'ul inner valve towards its opvn position, and adjustable means. for controlling the closing mow meat of said uter valve.

H. In a carliureton a fuel supply l'nuans, inner and mi ler air supply means. valves umirolling said inner and onlur air supplies, a spring i.I1tQrpo a-|l heal woun said valvvz-s and mailing in tension on said outer valve to wards iii: rinsed position and on said inner valve iuwzmls its open position, and separate HIE-1121b far wljuatably controlling the closing lflUVEl'llClll oi said valves.

15. In a rarlmrvmr, a fnvi supply means, inner anil. miter air supply mvans, valves ontruiling said air supplies, wring inrei" am-mi lJ-PlV-Pill aaiil valves and exorl'ing its tvnsion on said outer valve towards ltSClUSEll position and on fifillll inner valvv towards its mgitinn, arul. liiorlianical means for ailing said valvms said means operating 10 upon Milli oimir valve aftrr said inner vain: opirnml and to close sa'ul outvr valve iioi'urrsaid inner valve is L'lui .ll.

ii in a varliurrtar, a no} nnppiy means, a mrrdla valvo for conliolling the same, manna or :Uljl ing said needle valve, an air supply yassagir in said needle valve, and a rcmovaiila aperturml plug at line lower and of said air pass g9, the aperture therein detox-mining the air admission ilirougl'i said nemila valve.

hi. iestiinuny whereof I hereunto afiix my ai gnu! are.

HUBER-T E. L. JANNEY. 

